Reduced syllables
Many vowels in unstressed syllables reduce to schwa.
about, today, connect, banana, woman, purpose, analysis
Unstressed syllables
When one syllable is strong, nearby syllables often become weak.
family, camera, favorite, different, restaurant, separate, chocolate, interest
Deleted or disappearing vowels
In fast speech, the weak vowel can nearly disappear.
family → fam-ly, camera → cam-ra, favorite → fav-rit, different → dif-rent
Function words
Small grammar words are often reduced.
to → /tə/ or /t̬ə/, of → /əv/ or /ə/, and → /ən/ or /n/
Sentence rhythm
American speech is stress-timed. Content words stay clearer; function words reduce more.
I want to go to the store tomorrow.
Spelling warning
Do not trust spelling. Native rhythm decides whether the vowel is strong or weak.
police, support, doctor, problem, system, human